When visiting one facility, a commission observed that one adolescent, who had already been involved in a case regarding sexual abuse at another shared accommodation, was accepted despite serious doubts among the team, who were insufficiently prepared. He subsequently forced children and adolescents to engage in sexual activities and ultimately had to once again be expelled from the shared accommodation. Only then was a working group set up to prepare a sexual education concept, and mandatory further training courses in sexual awareness were arranged. In addition, the minor himself was offered a psychological assessment and the opportunity to participate in sexual education workshops. In the NPM’s opinion, these measures should have been taken earlier at the time when the adolescent was accepted, in order to provide effective protection for the children and adolescents. Inadequate preventive measures The regulations issued pursuant to the Vienna Act on Children’s and Youth Services, which was promulgated in July 2015, state inter alia that concepts regarding prevention of violence and raising of sexual awareness must be part of any socio-pedagogical plan, which has to be prepared based on current social studies methodology regarding sexual awareness. The other Laender should follow this excellent example and issue appropriate requirements for competent authorities. Content regarding prevention and handling of sexual violence among children and adolescents should be an ongoing component of further training courses. In addition, it will be important to make changes to basic structural conditions which create opportunities for sexual violence. Thus, for example, building layouts, particularly room layouts, may be a root cause of cases where staff fails to spot violations of boundaries. Low staffing ratio or insufficient staff may also create potential for risky situations. Basic conditions may create opportunities for sexual violence  Sexual education concepts need to be prepared at all child and youth welfare and protection facilities.  Changes need to be made to basic conditions of children and adolescents’ environment which create opportunities for sexual violence.  As a preventive measure, further training for staff and workshops for children and adolescents must be provided. 2.3.2.2. Prevention of violence Unfortunately, it is still the case that not all child and youth welfare and protection facilities have violence prevention concepts. At numerous facilities, the commissions had to proactively suggest that violence prevention concepts be prepared and implemented during the concluding meetings. The commissions also visited shared Development and implementation of concepts 63