Peru South Africa Availability The Collective Reparations Programme — an element of the IRP — is planned by central government, coordinated by regional offices and implemented by local authorities Communities elect the type of project to be implemented. Funds are allocated by the government (up to a maximum of 33,000 USD (approximately 24,300 EUR)) Apartheid victims who were part of the TRC are registered on a closed list and received a lump sum payment as reparations Victims not on the closed list have not received reparations State rehabilitation services are not specific to torture victims’ needs The system is politicised; some political parties have taken advantage of certain programmes to further their own interest. Victims becoming less involved in the reparations process Civil society organisations lead on designing rehabilitation services for torture victims Strong political will necessary to ensure that health rehabilitation programmes are allocated an independent and reliable budget by government The Prevention and Combating of Torture of Persons’ Bill is due to be enacted, but implementation will be left to civil society organisations Torture prevention measures are poorly implemented Appropriateness General medical services under pressure due to a lack of mental health professionals and knowledge of torture symptoms High risk of secondary victimisation, particularly among present-day victims Focus on physical and mental health Services meant to be available to all victims, but in reality they are insufficient to meet the needs of victims Victims often given a diagnosis but then have no access to treatment or medicine Rehabilitation services offer holistic programmes, including community healing interventions, memorialisation programmes, advocacy, skill-based programmes, clinical counselling Access to social and legal services through a referral system with other NGOs Accessibility Length and type of treatment is based on the victim’s needs. Socio-economic needs are often a priority due to the lack of compensation available Ability to access the holistic health system dependent on the socio-economic level of victims Discrimination between apartheid victims on the closed list and apartheid victims not on the closed list, who have difficulties accessing rehabilitation services Holistic rehabilitation still not offered to many internally displaced victims Regional disparity exists — not all provinces have access to specialised torture rehabilitation services Discrimination exists — some victims are perceived as “terrorists” and are discriminated against in the registration process Secondary victimisation prevents some victims, particularly refugees, from seeking help Female victims in rural areas do not have access to services, and rape victims are not given access to female medical staff. Lack of women’s participation in the process Lack of trust of the police due to intimidation and police brutality means that incidents of present-day torture often go unreported Lack of security makes many present-day victims reluctant to access mental health services Right to Rehabilitation for Torture Victims, Beirut, Lebanon – 27/28 June 2013 15