E/CN.4/1999/61/Add.1
page 23
finalization of the present report, the Special Rapporteur learned that the
five remanded police officers had been released. The court board stated that
it had taken that decision taking into consideration the period the defendants
had served in prison, and the fact that most of the necessary evidence for
trial had already been gathered and that it was impossible for the defendants
to tamper with this evidence. The court board did ban the police officers
from travelling abroad.
81.
One pitfall in any effort to prosecute a State agent is found in the Law
on the Prosecution of Civil Servants, which dates back to 1913, during the
Ottoman period, and is intended to afford some degree of immunity for civil
servants acting in their official capacities. In cases that fall within the
scope of this law, an administrative board made up of civil servants, who
generally have no legal training, conducts an investigation to determine
whether the civil servant should be prosecuted or simply disciplined by his or
her superiors. In the event that the administrative board determines that
prosecution is warranted, it forwards the case to the appropriate court, along
with its recommendation as to the crime of which the civil servant should be
accused. The prosecutor then initiates his or her own investigation.
82.
The effect of the law in this context is to frustrate and delay the
prosecution of official misconduct. The jurisdiction of this administrative
board is made more confusing by the fact that while members of the security
forces are classified as civil servants, they are covered by the law only when
acting within the scope of their ordinary law enforcement duties, that is, in
their administrative capacity. For example, if members of the jandarma
transferring a detainee are accused of torturing the individual, a complaint
would first be referred to the administrative board because this activity
falls within the scope of their ordinary law enforcement duties. However, if
such officers are involved in the apprehension of a suspect on orders from the
public prosecutor, they are acting in a judicial rather than an administrative
capacity, and thus, any complaint would be handled directly by the prosecutor.
83.
A good example of the jurisdictional hurdles created by the Law on the
Prosecution of Civil Servants is seen in the case involving the killing of
10 prisoners in Diyarbakir Prison on 24 September 1996, when special team
members, jandarma and prison warders put down a prison riot. During the
operation, 10 prisoners were beaten to death and at least 46 were wounded,
most of them by blows on the head. It was reported that there were skull
fractures in all of the dead prisoners due to blows by truncheons, rifle butts
and clubs, and that traces of heavy blows were observable all over their
bodies. The autopsy reports concluded that the 10 prisoners had died as a
result of torture. Cases are currently pending against 29 jandarma and
36 police officers for the use of excessive force and manslaughter. However,
the prosecutor dismissed the counts against 30 or so prison guards based on
limited questioning of the wounded prisoners, who were asked only who had
injured them and not whether they had seen others harmed. Since most were
unable to identify the perpetrators who had attacked them, charges could not
be brought.
84.
The prosecutor decided to bring cases against the 65 police and
jandarma, but he also determined that they had been carrying out
administrative functions rather than a judicial function, despite the fact
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