1.6 Obiski zavodov za vzgojo in izobraževanje otrok in mladostnikov s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi motnjami 1.6 Visits to institutions for care and education of children and adolescents with emotional and behavioural disorders Ugotovitve DPM na podlagi obiskov The NPM findings on the basis of the visits Upoštevajoč standarde in normative za delo z mladostniki s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi motnjami, je po oceni DPM število strokovnega osebja primerno, prav tako tudi njihova vrsta in stopnja izobrazbe, ki je v skladu z zakonom. Taking into account the standards specifying work with adolescents with emotional and behavioural disorders, the number of expert personnel is adequate, including their type and level of education which comply with the legislation. DPM se zdi vprašljivo, da so v skupinah skupaj mladostniki s kriminalno preteklostjo in mladostniki, ki so vključeni v zavode na podlagi odločb centrov za socialno delo zaradi težav v družini, vzgojne in vedenjske zanemarjenosti, slabe učne uspešnosti in drugih razlogov. The NPM finds it questionable whether it is suitable that groups combine adolescents with a criminal past and those admitted to the institutions on the basis of decisions by social work centres due to problems in their families, educational and behavioural neglect, poor academic performance and other reasons. Prostorske razmere so v obiskanih zavodih primerne. V ponovno obiskanih zavodih so pogoji dela ostali nespremenjeni, opazne pa postajajo posledice zmanjševanja finančnih sredstev ministrstev za investicijsko vzdrževanje in obnavljanje opreme. Še posebej to velja za zavode, ki sprejemajo mladostnike na podlagi odločb sodišč (ZVI Logatec, CUDV Črna, VIZ Višnja Gora), saj so v vzgojnem in vedenjskem smislu še težavnejši. Obiskani zavodi imajo izdelane publikacije s temeljnimi informacijami o svojem delu. Informativno gradivo je objavljeno tudi na spletnih straneh posameznega zavoda. Vzgojno delo poteka na podlagi veljavnega vzgojnega programa izpred desetih let, ki je potreben prenove in posodobitve. DPM meni, da vzgojni zavodi primerno izpolnjujejo svoje poslanstvo. Pritožb zoper ravnanje zaposlenih v zavodih in zatrjevanja kršitev človekovih pravic je bilo na podlagi pogovorov z mladostnikov le malo, pa še te niso bile tako konkretne, da bi predstavniki DPM pritožbe zoper ravnanje osebja lahko preiskali. Največ pohval in zadovoljstva z odnosom med mladostniki in vzgojnim osebjem so izrazili mladostniki v MD Jarše in VZ Smlednik. DPM ugotavlja, da so zavodi, razen enega (VIZ Višnja Gora), upoštevali priporočila DPM iz leta 2013: skrbijo za posodabljanje spletnih strani, imajo objavljena pravila bivanja, hišni red, vzgojni načrt z načini vzgojnega ukrepanja in vrstami ukrepov, skrbijo za to, da individualiziran program podpiše tudi mladostnik. DPM dvomi, da se v primerih, ko je mladostnik napoten v zavod s sklepom sodišča in vključen z izvršbo (na silo), to izkaže kot uspešno. Z mladostnikom, ki se s sprejemom v zavod ne strinja in je do življenja in dela v zavodu odklonilen, je zelo težko vzpostaviti sodelovalen odnos. Priporočila DPM DPM še vedno meni, da je delo z mladostniki s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi motnjami v stanovanjskih skupinah primernejša organizacijska oblika od klasičnega modela. Zato priporoča, da je v manjšem obsegu smiselno ohraniti klasični model organiziranja, s tem pa tudi možnost namestitve v klasične vzgojne skupine za mladostnike, ki potrebujejo bolj strukturiran program in strožji nadzor. DPM je ponovno zaznal problem ustreznosti vrste izobrazbe za delo z mladostniki s kriminalno preteklostjo. Oblikovanje ustreznejših rešitev predlaga strokovnjakom (kadrovski šoli) in ministrstvom za izobraževanje, delo, pravosodje in zdravje. DPM priporoča, da bi vzgojnemu programu dodali tudi vsebine, ki bi bile primernejše oziroma bolj smiselne za (pre)vzgojno delo z mladostniki z izrečenim vzgojnim ukrepom. Skrb zbujajoče je krčenje finančnih sredstev za investicijsko vzdrževanje in obnavljanje opreme. Zaznati je, da se doslej prijetno bivanjsko okolje vsaj v nekaterih zavodih slabša. Posodobitev vzgojnega programa je nujna, prav tako bi bila primerna dopolnitev z vsebinami in metodami dela za mladostnike z izrečenim vzgojnim ukrepom. Spatial conditions in the visited institutions are suitable. The working conditions remained unchanged in the visited institutions. The consequences of reduced funds from ministries for investments in maintenance and renovation of equipment are becoming visible. This particularly applies to institutions which accommodate adolescents on the basis of court decisions (Logatec Education and Training Institution, Črna na Koroškem Special Education, Work and Care Centre and Višnja Gora Educational Institution), where the conditions are even more severe in terms of education and behaviour. The visited institutions have publications containing basic information about their work. Information materials are also published on the website of each institution. Educational work is implemented on the basis of the applicable educational programme drafted ten years ago, which is in need of renovation and modernisation. According to the DPM, the visited institutions fulfil their missions accordingly. There were only a few complaints against treatment by the staff and about violations of human rights in interviews with the adolescents and these were not concrete enough for the NPM representatives to examine. The residents in Jarše Youth Home and Smlednik Educational Institution expressed the most praise and satisfaction about the relationship between themselves and the educational staff. The NPM established that the institutions, except one (Višnja Gora Educational Institution), observed the NPM recommendations from 2013: they update their websites; publish their house rules, the educational plan with educational methods and types of measures, and ensure that the adolescents also sign individualised programmes. The NPM doubts that this is successful in cases when an adolescent is referred to an institution by way of a court decision and compulsorily inclusion. It is very difficult to establish a collaborative relationship with an adolescent who does not accept admission to the institution and who has a negative attitude to life and work in the institution. The NPM recommendations According to the DPM, working with adolescents with emotional and behavioural disorders in residential groups is a more suitable organisational form than the classic model. The NPM thus recommends that the classic model of organisation be preserved to a certain extent, including the possibility of accommodation in classic educational groups for adolescents who require a more structured programme and stricter supervision. The NPM again detected the issue of the type of education suitable for working with adolescents with a criminal past. It is proposed that more appropriate solutions be found by the experts (staff service) and the ministries of education, labour, justice and health. The NPM suggests that the educational programme be supplemented with contents more suitable or sensible for (re)educational work with adolescents subject to educational measures. The cutting of financial means for investments in maintenance and renovation of equipment is particularly worrying. We noted that the pleasant living environment has been deteriorating in certain institutions. The modernisation of the educational programme is necessary; the supplementation of content and working methods intended for adolescents subject to educational measures would also be suitable. 126 poročilo o izvajanju nalog DPM v letu 2014 DržavnI preventivnI mehanizEm po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE NPM IN 2014 National Preventive Mechanism under the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 127