1.6 Obiski zavodov za vzgojo in izobraževanje otrok in mladostnikov s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi motnjami DPM ponovno priporoča vzpostavitev enotnih pravnih podlag za delovanje vseh vzgojnih zavodov, pa tudi za področje nadzora in s tem pristojnosti inšpekcij. Na področju nadzorstva nad izvajanjem vzgojnega programa, ki ga predpisuje ZIKS-1, namreč še vedno prihaja do pomanjkljivosti, saj je težava v razmejitvi pristojnosti različnih resornih inšpekcij štirih ministrstev. Ponovno priporoča, da bi s strokami pri prenovi vzgojnega programa poskušali razmejiti doktrine socialnopedagoške, zdravstvene, socialne in penološke stroke. Prav tako je možnost odklonitve posameznega mladostnika za vključitev v zavod ali njegov predčasni odpust treba urediti v ustreznih zakonskih določbah. DPM priporoča jasnejšo opredelitev dolžnosti staršev, ki so ohranili roditeljsko pravico. Poleg tega predlaga javno objavo prostih zmogljivosti v zavodih na spletni strani posameznega zavoda. Še vedno ni napredka na področju obravnav mladostnikov s psihiatričnimi težavami in zelo agresivnim vedenjem, za katere ni ustrezno poskrbljeno. Hospitalizacija na zaprtih oddelkih psihiatričnih bolnišnic za odrasle zanje namreč ni primerna rešitev. DPM opozarja na neusklajenost predpisov s področja kaznovalne politike za mladoletnike in šolskih predpisov in priporoča njihovo uskladitev. Za nekatere zavode, v katere se vključujejo mladostniki po odločbah sodišč, je poleg te odločbe potrebna tudi odločba o usmeritvi v vzgojno-izobraževalni program (CUDV Črna, ZVI Logatec, VZ Planina, Osnovna šola Veržej – enota Dom, VIZ Višnja Gora), za druge pa ne (npr. VZ Slivnica, ki znotraj zavoda vzgojno-izobraževalnih programov ne izvaja). Odzivi pristojnih organov in institucij Poročila o obiskih v vzgojnih zavodih smo najkasneje v mesecu dni po opravljenem obisku posredovali pristojnemu ministrstvu in vsakemu od obiskanih zavodov. Obe ministrstvi (MIZŠ in MDDSZ) sta se na naše predloge in priporočila odzvali v postavljenem roku. V svojih odzivih so pristojni zagotovili, da bodo predloge in priporočila DPM upoštevali pri pripravi sprememb in dopolnitev zakonskih in drugih predpisov. Zagotovili so, da bodo spremembe pripravljali skupaj (predstavniki MIZŠ, MDDSZ in MP). Žal pa ugotavljamo, da sta ministrstvi to obljubili že ob prejšnjih obiskih (v letih 2010, 2011, 2012 in 2013), a se stanje na tem področju do zdaj še ni izboljšalo, saj naj bi bili predpisi še vedno v pripravi. Pohvalno je, da smo v okviru priporočil DPM dosegli, da je Oddelek za socialno pedagogiko Pedagoške fakultete v Ljubljani začel po več letih premora ponovno izvajati socialno pedagoško dokvalifikacijo, kar bo omogočilo strokovnjakom z drugo vrsto izobrazbe (psihologom, socialnim delavcem, učiteljem posameznih strok), da bodo v kratkem izpolnili pogoje za zaposlitev za nedoločen čas in pogoje za napredovanje. To je pomembno, saj se bo zmanjšala fluktuacija strokovnega kadra, predvsem mladih, ki bi želeli delati z mladostniki s čustvenimi in vedenjskimi motnjami. Na poročila DPM se obiskani zavodi, razen enega, niso posebej odzivali. Ocenjujemo, da so priporočila in predloge sprejeli ali jih vsaj vzeli na znanje. Izjema pri tem je le CUDV Črna na Koroškem, ki nam je poslal svoj pisni odgovor. V odgovoru je direktorica pojasnila, da predloga oziroma priporočila DPM glede hranjenja dokumentacije za mladostnike na enem mestu zaradi prostorske stiske in velikega števila uporabnikov celotnega zavoda (ne le mladostnikov!) zaenkrat ne morejo upoštevati. V zavodu pa so sprejeli predlog DPM za organizacijo pogovorov z mladostniki na temo problemov odvisnosti od drog in organizacijo izobraževalnega pogovora na to temo za starše. Sicer pa je direktorica v svojem odzivu sporočila še, da podpira vsa druga priporočila DPM, ki so bila namenjena MDDSZ za ureditev razmer na sistemskem področju in za zagotavljanje več finančnih sredstev za investicijsko vzdrževanje in opremo. 128 poročilo o izvajanju nalog DPM v letu 2014 DržavnI preventivnI mehanizEm po Opcijskem protokolu h Konvenciji OZN proti mučenju in drugim krutim, nečloveškim ali poniževalnim kaznim ali ravnanju 1.6 Visits to institutions for care and education of children and adolescents with emotional and behavioural disorders The NPM again recommends the establishment of uniform legal bases for the functioning of all educational institutions, including in the field of supervision and thus powers of inspection services. Deficiencies still occur in the supervision of the implementation of educational programmes as stipulated by the ZIKS-1, since there is a problem in the delimitation of powers of the different line inspection services of the four ministries. It is recommended that the experts try to delimit the doctrines of socio-pedagogical, medical, social and penal fields when renovating the educational programme. The possibility of the adolescent’s refusal to be admitted to the institution or their early release must also be arranged with suitable legal provisions. The NPM proposes a clearer definition of the duties of parents who still have parental rights. The available capacities of institutions should be published on the websites of individual institutions. There had still been no progress in the treatment of adolescents with mental disorders and very aggressive behaviour. Hospitalisation in secure wards of psychiatric hospitals for adults is not a suitable solution for them. The NPM also highlights the inconsistency between regulations in the field of penal policy for adolescents and school regulations, and recommends that they be harmonised. In addition to a court decision, adolescents being transferred to certain institutions must also obtain decisions on placement in education and training programmes (Črna na Koroškem Special Education, Work and Care Centre, Logatec Education and Training Institution, Planina Residential Treatment Institution, Veržej Primary School – Dom Unit and Višnja Gora Educational Institution), which are not required in other institutions (e.g. Slivnica pri Mariboru Residential Treatment Institution, which does not implement education and training programmes with the institution). Response of competent bodies and institutions The reports on the visits to educational institutions were submitted to the relevant ministry and each visited institution no later than one month after the implementation of the visit. Both ministries (Ministry of Education, Science and Sport and the Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities) responded to our proposals and recommendations within the determined time limit. The competent bodies established in their responses that the NPM proposals and recommendations would be observed when drafting amendments to legal and other regulations. They ensured us that they would draft the amendments together (representatives of the Ministry of Education, Science and Sport, the Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities and the Ministry of Justice). Unfortunately, the ministries have promised the aforementioned after our previous visits (in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013), and the situation has not improved in this field, since the regulations were still supposedly in preparation. However, it is commendable that within the NPM recommendations, the Department of Social Pedagogy at the Faculty of Education in Ljubljana again started implementing additional social-pedagogic qualifications after an interruption of several years, which would enable professionals with different education (psychologists, social workers, teachers in different fields) to meet the requirements for permanent employment and the conditions for promotion in a shorter time. This is important to prevent the fluctuation of expert staff, particularly young people who are willing to work with adolescents with emotional and behavioural disorders. With one exception, the visited institutions did not explicitly respond to the NPM reports. We assume that the recommendations and proposals were accepted or at least considered. The only exception was Črna na Koroškem Special Education, Work and Care Centre which submitted its written reply, in which the director explained that the proposal or the NPM recommendation about storing documentation in one place could not be observed at the present time due to the lack of space and the large number of residents (not only adolescents!). The institution accepted the NPM proposal to organise discussions with the adolescents on the topic of drug addiction and the organisation of an educational discussion on the same topic with parents. The director also wrote that she supported all other recommendations from the NPM which were directed at the Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities for the arrangement of conditions in the systemic field and the provision of increased financial means for investments in maintenance and equipment. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE NPM IN 2014 National Preventive Mechanism under the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 129